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| The Heart of The Tree |
Extract I
(i). To whom is the poet asking the question in the first line of the
extract? Mention any two things, according to the extract, that man will
do by planting trees.
Ans. The poet is asking the question is the first line of the
extract to the readers. The man who plants a tree will make friendship with
sun and sky. He also makes the tree the shaft of beauty, towering
high.
(ii). Give the meaning of the following lines:
He plants a friend of sun and sky;
He plants the flag of breezes
free:
Ans. The first line means that plants make food by the process of
photosynthesis which can be done in the presence of sunlight and the tree is
a friend of the sky because it takes in carbon dioxide from the air and
releases oxygen in the air and thus purifies the air.
Also, transpiration from trees is responsible for cloud formation in the
sky before it rains.
(iii) In what way are the trees friends of sun and sky? How can a man
plant the flag of breezes free?
Ans. Tree are the friends of the sun as it makes food in the
presence of sunlight which is the food for human being and during
transpiration the water loss from the tree and after which it get converted
into the cloud in the sky and thereby sun and sky are friends. Thus the
plant and the sun are friends.
(iv) What is meant by "the shaft of beauty"? what is compared to the
shaft?
Ans. The shaft of beauty means a beam of beauty. It is compared to
the shaft because when a large number of trees are planted then it
beautifies nature and it has many advantages for a human being.
When the plant has grown up into a tree it seemed like a tower.
(v) What is the impact of beginning the poem with a question? What is the
figure of speech used here?
Ans. It is done to create curiosity or anxiety to know about
the poem. The answer given each time denotes the important pf tree in the
different sphere in human life. The figure of speech used is Hypophora or
Antiphonal. Three Alliteration is used in the poem.
Extract II
(i) What is known as mother-croon of bird? Why is the song sung in a
hushed voice?
Ans. It means that when the mother bird sing-song for his baby then
her soft song makes the evening a peaceful evening. The bird's soft song
adds to the pleasant harmony of the universe. Her tone makes the dusk
peaceful and calm..
(ii) What is twilight? Why is it a happy twilight?
Ans. It is a dim light at the end of the day after the sun goes
down.
It is a happy twilight because when the mother bird sing-song to her baby
then her soft song make the universe a pleasant and a calm evening and makes
a nature happy.
(iii) What is meant by (a) treble, (b) heaven’s harmony? What role does
the treble play in heaven’s harmony?
Ans.
[a] Treble means high tone in music.
[b] Heaven's harmony is the way in which different musical notes are
played or sung together and combine to make a pleasant sound.
The treble produced by the mother-croon sinks into the pleasant harmony of
the universe.
(iv) In this lesson, under the heading, style, the meaning of metonymy is
given. Give two examples of metonymy from the extract. How is it used in
the context?
Ans.
[a] Mother carbon of baby- It means that when the mother bird
sing-song to her baby then her soft sound makes that time a peaceful
evening.
[b] Heaven's harmony- It means that the tone of the mother bird
makes nature peaceful just like the place of God.
(v) Give four functions which a tree performs on this earth.
Ans.
1. The plant gives oxygen which is essential for a human being to
inhale.
2. The Plants cause rain after the formation of clouds which balance the
water cycle.
3. The plant absorbs the carbon dioxide from the air which reduces the
greenhouse effect.
4. The plant gives food which is suitable for all living being.
Extract III
(i) Enumerate any three benefits of planting trees as suggested by the
poet in this extract. What do the plants do to provide cool shade in a
place?
Ans.
(a) Trees provide shade for the people who are sitting under its
cool shade.
(b) Due to the transpiration of the tree water cycle remains
maintained.
(c) Plants absorb carbon dioxide and give out oxygen which is
necessary for the existence of life on earth.
The trees branch into huge canopies and provide shade from the heat of the
sun for weary travelers and passers-by. The shade they provide is quite
refreshing and 'cool' as compared to the heat of the sun.
(ii) The water evaporates, condenses and falls as rain. What role do the
trees play in this process of producing rain?
Ans. When tree loss their water in the form of transpiration they
form a cloud in the sky which become warm, after some time when these clouds
get cool then they drop water in the form of rain. Rain is suitable for
balancing the water cycle. It also helps crops to grow.
(iii) How do the last two lines of the extract explain the process of
regeneration? How does the man plant the forest's heritage?
Ans. It means that the forest is inherited by a man who plants a
tree. It will provide crops to the future generation(unborn eye). Surely,
the upcoming generation will reap all the benefits of the tree that are
being planted now.
The poet wants to explain that one who plant trees, paves a way for many
more seeds and buds that will grow into numerous trees contributing the
forest wealth and thus man plant forest's heritage.
(iv) How does the tree provide for the harvest of the following years?
Ans. When we plant a small tree it will take time to grow and
provide us with wood, timber, fruits and medicines. The one who plants a
tree plants the entire forest. This forest is thus the harvest, the future
generation can enjoy.
(v) What does the expression Unborn eyes indicate? What will they see that
would bring them joy?
Ans. Unborn eye indicates to the children who are yet to be born on
the earth i.e. future generation. They will see the beauty of trees, enjoy
the tasty fruits or foods, fresh air, cool shades, rain etc. It will also
give relief from various diseases.
Extract IV
(i) The poet says: “ He plants, in sap and leaf and wood.” Which
figure of speech is used here? Explain its usage with two other examples
from the poem.
Ans. Metonymy is the figure of speech used here. The whole poem runs
on a series of metonymic associations of a tree with its
qualities.
According to the poet, the one who plants a tree, plants ‘cool shade’
‘tender rain’ ‘a friend of sun and sky’ ‘the forest’s heritage’ ‘sap and
leaf and wood’, etc.
(ii) What is meant by ‘far-cast thought of civic good’? In what way is
the planter’s work a blessing? State for whom it is a blessing.
Ans. Far-cast thought of civic good means foreseeing the well-being
of the city or its citizens.
Planters plant a tree so that human beings can get food from plant's sap
and leaves and continue their race, in this way planter's work a blessing.
Therefore the man who plants a tree has been described as
God-like.
It is a blessing for the neighborhood and for the entire mankind.
(iii) Give the meaning of the following lines:
Who in the hollow of His hand
Holds all the growth of all our land-
Ans. Someone who plants a tree is in the hand of God. He is the only
man who holds the future growth. If he has not planted the trees land will
become barren without trees. The growth of the universe is possible only by
planting trees.
(iv) In what way a nation’s growth depends on planting trees?
Ans. The man who plant a tree plants the whole world as the trees do
not only beautify the whole world but also provide woods, food, fruits,
timber, medicine, resins, fresh air and without these things growth of any
nation is impossible.
(v) Comment on the appropriateness of the title of the poem "The heart of
the tree".
Ans. The heart is one of the important organs of a human being. When
the heart pumps the blood then only the oxygen transfer from place to place
in our body. In this process tree also have some responsibilities, a tree
absorbs carbon dioxide from the air and gives out oxygen which inhaled by
us.
Trees like human heart provide us with ‘sap and leaf and wood’, i.e., all
the required minerals, nutrients and material things. The heart here thus
signifies the most important quality of the tree. It can be concluded that
the title is appropriate as the poem is about trees and their importance to
our survival.
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